Backend
Authentication vs Authorization - and How to Implement Both
Two concepts that are constantly confused and constantly misimplemented. Here is what each means and how to get both right.
All posts
Backend
Server Architecture Patterns: Monolith, Modular, Service-Oriented
Three architectural styles, their actual tradeoffs, and how to choose between them without falling into the microservices trap.
Computer Science
How Compilers and Interpreters Differ - and Why You Should Care
The compiled vs. interpreted distinction is blurrier than you think, and understanding the spectrum explains tradeoffs you make every day.
Computer Science
How a CPU Executes Your Code (The Short Version)
From a line of source code to electrons moving through silicon - the mental model every engineer should have.
Engineering Craft
Branching Strategies That Work in Real Teams
Most teams argue about Gitflow vs trunk-based development. The better question is what you are actually trying to solve.
Engineering Craft
How to Do a Code Review (and How to Receive One)
A code review is not a gatekeeping exercise. Here is what makes them useful - from both sides of the diff.
Engineering Craft
Writing Commit Messages That Mean Something
A commit message is a letter to whoever debugs this code next. Here is how to write one that actually helps.
Engineering Craft
Refactoring Without Breaking Things
Refactoring is changing structure without changing behavior. The hard part is keeping those two things separate.
Frontend
How Browsers Render a Page: The Full Pipeline
From HTML bytes to pixels on screen - the rendering pipeline that every frontend engineer should understand.
Frontend
JavaScript Event Loop: Visual and Concrete
JavaScript is single-threaded but non-blocking. The event loop is the mechanism that makes both of those things true at the same time.
Mobile
Mobile App Architecture Patterns
MVC, MVP, MVVM, MVI - the patterns for structuring mobile apps explained through what problem each solves, not just what the letters stand for.
Mobile
Cross-Platform vs Native: The Real Tradeoffs in 2026
React Native and Flutter have matured. Native development has evolved. Here is an honest look at where each actually wins.
Networking
HTTP from the Ground Up: Request, Response, Headers
Every web application runs on HTTP. Here is what is actually in those bytes - and why the details matter.
Networking
HTTPS and TLS: What Happens During the Handshake
HTTPS is HTTP with a security layer underneath. Here is exactly what that layer does and how it does it.
Programming Languages
How async/await Works Under the Hood
async/await is not magic. It is syntax over Promises, which are syntax over callbacks, which sit on top of a single-threaded event loop.
Programming Languages
Functional Programming Concepts That Make Your Code Better
You do not need Haskell. Pure functions, immutability, and composition will improve code in any language you already use.
Software Architecture
Design Patterns You Will Actually Encounter: Factory, Strategy, Observer
Three patterns that appear constantly in real codebases - what problem each solves, what the structure looks like, and where you have already seen them.
Software Architecture
Design Patterns, Part 2: Decorator, Adapter, Command
Three more patterns from the everyday toolkit - adding behavior without inheritance, bridging incompatible interfaces, and treating actions as objects.
Software Architecture
SOLID Principles Through Real Code, Not Definitions
Five principles that show up in every serious codebase - explained through violations you will recognize, not textbook abstractions.