Networking
HTTPS and TLS: What Happens During the Handshake
HTTPS is HTTP with a security layer underneath. Here is exactly what that layer does and how it does it.
All posts
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Software Architecture
Design Patterns You Will Actually Encounter: Factory, Strategy, Observer
Three patterns that appear constantly in real codebases - what problem each solves, what the structure looks like, and where you have already seen them.
Computer Science
How Compilers and Interpreters Differ - and Why You Should Care
The compiled vs. interpreted distinction is blurrier than you think, and understanding the spectrum explains tradeoffs you make every day.
Frontend
JavaScript Event Loop: Visual and Concrete
JavaScript is single-threaded but non-blocking. The event loop is the mechanism that makes both of those things true at the same time.
Programming Languages
Functional Programming Concepts That Make Your Code Better
You do not need Haskell. Pure functions, immutability, and composition will improve code in any language you already use.
Engineering Craft
Branching Strategies That Work in Real Teams
Most teams argue about Gitflow vs trunk-based development. The better question is what you are actually trying to solve.
Backend
Authentication vs Authorization - and How to Implement Both
Two concepts that are constantly confused and constantly misimplemented. Here is what each means and how to get both right.
Mobile
Mobile App Architecture Patterns
MVC, MVP, MVVM, MVI - the patterns for structuring mobile apps explained through what problem each solves, not just what the letters stand for.
Software Architecture
Design Patterns, Part 2: Decorator, Adapter, Command
Three more patterns from the everyday toolkit - adding behavior without inheritance, bridging incompatible interfaces, and treating actions as objects.
Engineering Craft
How to Do a Code Review (and How to Receive One)
A code review is not a gatekeeping exercise. Here is what makes them useful - from both sides of the diff.
Engineering Craft
Refactoring Without Breaking Things
Refactoring is changing structure without changing behavior. The hard part is keeping those two things separate.
Databases
How Relational Databases Work Under the Hood
What actually happens between your SQL query and the rows that come back - storage pages, the query planner, and why understanding this makes you a better developer.